The word “society” refers to a group of people who occupy a certain territory and possess a distinct culture, characteristics and institutions. Oftentimes, societies are also held together by a system of shared beliefs or common goals.
There are four types of human societies based on means of subsistence. These are the hunter-gatherer societies, nomadic pastoral societies, horticulturalist or simple farming societies and intensive agricultural societies (civilizations). Some classifications also list industrial and post-industrial societies, although this may fall under agricultural societies.
Hunter-gatherers main means of subsistence is through foraging edible plants or hunting animals from the wild. They are not significantly concerned with domestication. Unlike hunter-gatherers, the nomadic pastoral society is wholly concerned with domestication and farming, agriculture and horticulture. They are concerned with tending cattle, camels, sheep, goats and yaks. Their other defining feature is that they are mobile and tend to move the herd from place to pace in search of water and fresh pasture.
Horticulturist societies are primarily concerned...
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