Lithium Ion batteries were invented as long ago as 1912 by Gilbert N. Lewis, but it was a long time before they were developed enough to be launched on a mass market level. This happened in the early 1990s with Sony pioneering their commercial use.
Lithium Ion batteries have many advantages.
They can be constructed in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, resulting in them being tailored to the available space in the device in which they are to be used.
The batteries are also much lighter than other equivalents, due to the nature of the material and the high open circuit voltage compared to other batteries. This low weight makes it ideal in hand held and mobile devices for obvious reasons, and popular in these days of high tech gadgets.
Another major advantage is that they do not suffer from memory effect. This is the condition, whereby other rechargeable batteries, if not fully discharged before recharging, lose their maximum energy capacity over time and thus hold less charge.
They also do not have such a drastic self discharge rate as other batteries just 5% per month, compared with up to 30% per month in other battery types.
However,...
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