The guillotine was first put to lethal use on April 25, 1792, at 3:30 PM, in Paris at the Place de Greve on the Right Bank of the Seine. It separated highwayman Nicolas Jacques Pelletier’s head from the rest of his body.
The device was perfected – though not invented- by Doctor Joseph Ignace Guillotin (1738 – 1814). The ‘e’ at the end of the noun is a later, British, addition. Ironically, he belonged to a movement seeking to abolish capital punishment altogether.
Guillotine-like implements were used on delinquents from the nobility in Germany, Italy, Scotland and Persia long before the good doctor’s era. Guillotin and German engineer and harpsichord maker, Tobias Schmidt, improved and industrialized it. It was Schmidt who transformed the blade, changing it from round to the familiar form and placing it at an oblique, 45 degree, angle. The process of severing the head – the blade falling, cutting through the tissues and severing the head – took less than half a second. More than 40,000 people were guillotined during the French Revolution and in its immediate aftermath (1789-1795).
Nor was the guillotine...
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